Ragging and Bullying in Singapore – Understanding, Legal Implications, and Support Options
Impact of Ragging and Bullying
Victims of ragging or bullying often suffer from mental health issues like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and low self-esteem, which can hurt their academic or work performance. In extreme cases, these experiences may even lead to suicidal thoughts.
Prevalence
Despite their harmful effects, bullying and ragging are still seen in Singapore. From 2019 to 2024, secondary schools recorded around 6 incidents per 1,000 students, while primary schools reported about 2 per 1,000. Ragging, commonly occurring during National Service (NS) or student events, is a growing concern.
Ragging vs Bullying – Key Differences
Both involve abuse—either verbal, emotional, or physical—but they serve different purposes:
- Ragging is a one-off initiation meant to bond new members with a group. Victims may feel pressured to accept it as a rite of passage.
- Bullying is repeated harassment with the intent to exclude or harm the victim. Bullies often feel superior due to age, strength, or status.
Legal Offences and Penalties
While there are no specific laws targeting ragging or bullying, several existing laws apply based on the aggressor’s actions:
- Harassment and distress – Fines up to $5,000 or up to 6 months’ jail (Protection from Harassment Act).
- Physical harm – Penalties vary depending on severity, from fines to imprisonment for up to 10 years.
- Accomplices may also be charged with abetting.
Sentencing Considerations
Courts take a tough stance, especially when the incident occurs in institutions like NS. Key factors influencing sentencing include the degree of harm, the aggressor’s intentions, and their relationship to the victim. A notable case is Corporal Kok Yuen Chin, who died during a ragging ritual in 2018. His commanders were eventually jailed for causing grievous hurt.
Handling Young Offenders
Minors may be treated differently based on their age and understanding. Offenders under 21 may face alternatives like probation or reformative training, while those 16 and above could be jailed for severe offences.
What You Can Do If You or Someone You Know Is Affected
For Mild Cases:
- Observe and Support: Be alert to signs of distress and offer emotional support.
- Avoid Retaliation: Encourage victims to respond passively or assertively, rather than through violence.
In Educational Institutions:
- Report the Incident: Inform teachers or use formal reporting channels. Schools will investigate and may involve parents or provide counseling.
- Tertiary Institutions: May take disciplinary action such as fines, suspension, or expulsion.
In Workplaces:
- Use Internal Channels: Follow HR procedures or consult your trade union.
- Contact TAFEP: They can advise and act on workplace bullying complaints.
For Severe Cases:
- File a Police Report: Especially if the bullying involves injury or risk of death.
- Apply for Protection Orders (PO) or Stop Publication Orders (SPO): These can stop further harassment or online defamation.
- Seek Compensation: Victims may claim for medical costs, pain and suffering, or loss of income. In cases of death, family members can claim for bereavement or dependency losses.
If Death Occurs in NS:
A Committee of Inquiry (COI) will investigate to improve safety protocols, though criminal charges can still be filed separately.
Legal Help:
For serious or prolonged cases, consider consulting a lawyer to understand your rights and legal options, including applying for court orders or filing claims.